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Languages of India

395 languages of the index are spoken in India; 2 have official status (Hindi and English). The country has about 1.33 bn inhabitants (2020).

395 languages108 endangered or dormantAsiaISO IN / IND

Official languages

All languages spoken in India

LanguageISOFamilyCountriesSpeakersVitality
engEnglishengIndo-European+931.13 bn0 · International
hinHindiहिन्दीhinIndo-European+1615.3 m1 · National
fraFrenchfrançaisfraIndo-European+41285.4 m0 · International
porPortugueseportuguêsporIndo-European+10227.3 m1 · National
urdUrduاردوurd—+4162.6 m1 · National
panPunjabiپنجابیpan—+15125 mSafe
benBanglaবাংলাbenIndo-European106 m1 · National
tamTamilதமிழ்tamDravidian+583 m2 · Provincial
marMarathiमराठीmar—77 m2 · Provincial
bhoBhojpuriभोजपुरी भाषाbhoIndo-European52.2 m4 · Educational
pusPashtoپښتو ژبهpusIndo-European+650 mSafe
telTeluguతెలుగుtelDravidian50 m2 · Provincial
gujGujaratiગુજરાતીgujIndo-European46.9 m2 · Provincial
kanKannadaಕನ್ನಡkanDravidian43.6 m2 · Provincial
malMalayalamമലയാളംmalDravidian37.1 m2 · Provincial
rajRajasthanirajIndo-European36 m
maiMaithiliमैथिलीmaiIndo-European34.1 m2 · Provincial
oryOdiaଓଡ଼ିଆ ଭାଷାoryIndo-European32.1 m2 · Provincial
nepNepaliनेपालीnepIndo-European+124.1 m1 · National
sndSindhiسِنڌِي‎sndSindhi languages23.8 m2 · Provincial
awaAwadhiअवधीawaIndo-European22 m5 · Developing
magMagahiमगहीmagIndo-European20.7 m4 · Educational
skrSaraikiسرائیکیskr—+120 m4 · Educational
hneChhattisgarhihneIndo-European16.3 m4 · Educational
asmAssameseঅসমীয়া ভাষাasmIndo-European15.3 m2 · Provincial
bgcHaryanviہریاݨویbgcIndo-European14 m6a · Vigorous
sylSylhetiꠘꠣꠉꠞꠤ ꠜꠣꠡꠣsylIndo-European+1314 m3 · Wider Communication
mwrMarwariमारवाड़ीmwrIndo-European13 m
mupMalvimupIndo-European10 m5 · Developing
dhdDhundaridhdIndo-European9.6 m5 · Developing
bfyBaghelibfyIndo-European8 m6a · Vigorous
rwrMarwarirwrIndo-European7.9 m5 · Developing
satSantalisatAustroasiatic+17.2 m4 · Educational
sckNagpuriनागपुरीsckIndo-European+17 m3 · Wider Communication
oakNoakhalioakIndo-European7 m
kasKashmiriکٲشُرkas—6.9 m4 · Educational
lmnLambadilmn—6 m5 · Developing
mtrMewarimtrIndo-European5 m5 · Developing
wtmMewatiwtmIndo-European5 m5 · Developing
wryMerwariwryIndo-European4 m6a · Vigorous
gomGoan Konkanigom—3.6 m5 · Developing
bhbBhilibhbIndo-European3.3 m5 · Developing
gbmGarhwaliगढ़वळिgbm—3 m5 · Developing
gonGondigonDravidian3 mVulnerable
spvSambalpurispvIndo-European2.6 m4 · Educational
kfyKumaoniकुमाऊँनीkfyIndo-European2.3 m5 · Developing
kokKonkanikok—2.3 m
tcyTuluತುಳುtcyDravidian2 m5 · Developing
dgoDogriडोगरीdgoIndo-European2 m4 · Educational
kruKurukhkruDravidian2 m5 · Developing
bgqBagribgqIndo-European1.9 m6a · Vigorous
hocHo𑢹𑣉𑣉 𑣎𑣋𑣜hocAustroasiatic1.5 m5 · Developing
unrMundariunrAustroasiatic1.5 m5 · Developing
khnKhandeshikhnIndo-European1.5 m6a · Vigorous
noeNimadinoeIndo-European1.5 m6a · Vigorous
mniMeiteiꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟmniSino-Tibetan1.5 m2 · Provincial
bodTibetanབོད་ཡིགbod—1.2 m2 · Provincial
newNewarनेवाः भाय्newSino-Tibetan1 m4 · Educational
grtGarogrtSino-Tibetan1 m2 · Provincial
kacJingpokacSino-Tibetan940,0003 · Wider Communication
mjlMandealimjl—900,0005 · Developing
kfrKutchi languagekfrSindhi languages866,0006a · Vigorous
khaKhasikhaAustroasiatic843,0002 · Provincial
rkiArakanese LanguagerkiSino-Tibetan765,0003 · Wider Communication
anpAngikaअंगिका‎anpIndo-European740,0005 · Developing
sclShinaݜݨیاٗscl—720,2006a · Vigorous
trpKokboroktrpSino-Tibetan700,0004 · Educational
ukiKuiuki—645,0006b · Threatened
brxBodoबोडो‎brxSino-Tibetan603,0005 · Developing
vavVarlivav—600,0005 · Developing
kfpKorwakfpAustroasiatic570,0006a · Vigorous
lusMizomizolusSino-Tibetan500,0004 · Educational
kfqKorkukfqAustroasiatic478,0005 · Developing
lifLimbulifSino-Tibetan420,0005 · Developing
srbSorasrbAustroasiatic410,0005 · Developing
mrhMaramrhSino-Tibetan400,0004 · Educational
pbvPnarpbvAustroasiatic395,1246a · Vigorous
kxvKuvikxv—350,0005 · Developing
pegPengopeg—350,0006a · Vigorous
divMaldivianދިވެހިdivIndo-European340,5001 · National
ccpChakmaChangmha BhachccpIndo-European326,0005 · Developing
sazSaurashtrasazIndo-European300,0005 · Developing
bftBaltiསྦལ་ཏི།bftLadakhi–Balti290,0005 · Developing
njoMongsen AonjoSino-Tibetan261,0004 · Educational
dzoDzongkhaརྫོང་ཁ་dzoSouthern Tibetic237,0801 · National
njzNyishinjzSino-Tibetan230,0005 · Developing
kfaKodavakfaDravidian200,0005 · Developing
njhLothanjhSino-Tibetan179,4675 · Developing
tsjTshanglatsjBodish175,0004 · Educational
xsrSherpaxsr—150,0005 · Developing
mkiDhatkimkiIndo-European150,0005 · Developing
esgAheri GondiesgDravidian150,0005 · Developing
bfqBadagaபடக பாஷைbfqDravidian134,0005 · Developing
mrrMariamrrDravidian134,0006a · Vigorous
cnhHakha–ChincnhSino-Tibetan125,0003 · Wider Communication
bpyBishnupriya Manipuriবিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরীbpyIndo-European117,5004 · Educational
yimYimkhiungrüyimSino-Tibetan83,2595 · Developing
adlGallongadlSino-Tibetan80,5975 · Developing
agiAgariyaagiAustroasiatic72,0006a · Vigorous
sipSikkimeseའབྲས་ལྗོངས་སྐད་sipSouthern Tibetic70,0004 · Educational
lepLepchalepSino-Tibetan66,5006b · Threatened
rawRawangraw—63,0003 · Wider Communication
zomZouzomSino-Tibetan61,0005 · Developing
nnpWanchonnpSino-Tibetan59,1545 · Developing
bskBurushaskiبُرُݸشسکݵbsk—55,0006a · Vigorous
nphPhomnphSino-Tibetan54,4164 · Educational
bhaBhariatiभरीयाटीbhaIndo-European50,0006a · Vigorous
braBraj BhashabraIndo-European44,0005 · Developing
caqCarcaqAustroasiatic37,0003 · Wider Communication
junJuangjunAustroasiatic30,8755 · Developing
nagNagamese Creolenag—30,0003 · Wider Communication
sleSholagasleDravidian24,0006a · Vigorous
anmNamfauanmSino-Tibetan23,0005 · Developing
kfcKondakfc—20,0005 · Developing
hcaAndaman Creole Hindihca—20,0006a · Vigorous
mjuManna-DoramjuDravidian18,9648b · Nearly Extinct
lbjLadakhilbj—14,9525 · Developing
sanSanskritसंस्कृतम्sanIndo-European14,1354 · Educational
khtKhamtikhtKra–Dai13,0005 · Developing
sdpSherdukpensdpSino-Tibetan9,6636a · Vigorous
bfwBondabfwAustroasiatic9,0006b · Threatened
kkfKalaktang MonpakkfBodish8,0006a · Vigorous
idbDaman Creole Portugueseidb—4,1806b · Threatened
nllNihalinll—2,0006b · Threatened
nkbKhoibuUiponkbSino-Tibetan1,8006a · Vigorous
jkrKorojkrSino-Tibetan1,5006b · Threatened
xnsKanashixnsBodish1,4006b · Threatened
vkpKorlai Portuguese Creolevkp—8006a · Vigorous
cihChinalicihIndo-European2206b · Threatened
aafAranadanaafDravidian2006b · Threatened
visVishavanvisDravidian1506b · Threatened
idbCannanore Indo-Portuguese creoleidb—8Severely endangered
pliPali𑀧𑀸𑀴𑀺pli—9 · Second language only
bnsBundelibnsIndo-European5 · Developing
stdSentinelesestd—6b · Threatened
kfbKolavakfbDravidian5 · Developing
rktRangpuriদেশীrktIndo-European5 · Developing
gjuGujarigjuIndo-European5 · Developing
akmAka-Boakm—10 · Extinct
tcxTodatcx—6a · Vigorous
ahoAhomahoKra–Dai9 · Second language only
xnrKangrixnrIndo-European6a · Vigorous
bjjKannaujibjjIndo-European6b · Threatened
anqJarawaanq—6a · Vigorous
oonÖngeoon—6b · Threatened
mjtSauria PahariamjtDravidian5 · Developing
hlbHalbihlbIndo-European3 · Wider Communication
mjwKarbimjwSino-Tibetan5 · Developing
khrKhariakhrAustroasiatic5 · Developing
apqA-PucikwarapqAndamanese10 · Extinct
abjAka-BeaabjAndamanese10 · Extinct
iruIrulairuDravidian7 · Shifting
gdbOllarigdb—6a · Vigorous
pmhMaharashtripmhIndo-European
amlWaraml—6a · Vigorous
sjpSurjapurisjp—6a · Vigorous
kfeKotakfe—6a · Vigorous
pciDuruwapci—6a · Vigorous
prxPurikprxLadakhi–Balti5 · Developing
siiShompensii—6a · Vigorous
kfkKinnaurikfkBodish3 · Wider Communication
wbrWagdiwbr—3 · Wider Communication
kffKoyakff—5 · Developing
ackAka-KoraackAndamanese10 · Extinct
txoTototxoSino-Tibetan6b · Threatened
otyOld Tamil𑀧𑀵𑀦𑁰𑀢𑀫𑀺𑀵𑁰otyDravidian
hmrHmarhmrSino-Tibetan4 · Educational
allAllarallDravidian7 · Shifting
aioAitonaioKra–Dai6b · Threatened
bhdBhadrawahibhd—6a · Vigorous
aotAtongaotSino-Tibetan7 · Shifting
bapBantawabapSino-Tibetan6b · Threatened
njmAngaminjmSino-Tibetan3 · Wider Communication
aciAka-CariaciAndamanese10 · Extinct
akjAka-JeruakjAndamanese10 · Extinct
bkkBrokskatbkk—6b · Threatened
hojHarautihoj—5 · Developing
aclAkar-BaleaclAndamanese10 · Extinct
nsmSuminsmSino-Tibetan4 · Educational
disDimasadisSino-Tibetan5 · Developing
mhaMandamha—6b · Threatened
nitNaikinitDravidian6b · Threatened
pcgPaniyapcgDravidian5 · Developing
crvChauracrvAustroasiatic6b · Threatened
hajHajonghajIndo-European5 · Developing
akxAka-KedeakxAndamanese10 · Extinct
biyBirhorbiyAustroasiatic6a · Vigorous
gaqGataqgaqAustroasiatic6b · Threatened
kdqKochkdqSino-Tibetan6a · Vigorous
kfiKannada Kurumbakfi—5 · Developing
rahRabharahSino-Tibetan4 · Educational
cdeChenchucdeDravidian6a · Vigorous
ssiSansissiIndo-European7 · Shifting
mrgMishingmrgSino-Tibetan5 · Developing
gbjGutobgbjAustroasiatic6b · Threatened
asrAsurasrAustroasiatic6a · Vigorous
brwBellaribrwDravidian7 · Shifting
aptApataniaptSino-Tibetan6b · Threatened
mxjMijumxjSino-Tibetan6a · Vigorous
adiAdiadiSino-Tibetan5 · Developing
derDeoriderSino-Tibetan5 · Developing
bgrBawmbgrSino-Tibetan6b · Threatened
bfzMahasu Paharibfz—6a · Vigorous
nmfTangkhulnmf—4 · Educational
zauZangskariཟངས་དཀརzauLadakhi–Balti6b · Threatened
trdTuritrdAustroasiatic8a · Moribund
mjpMalapandarammjpDravidian6b · Threatened
xubBetta KurumbaxubDravidian5 · Developing
gblGamitgblIndo-European5 · Developing
okjOko-JuwoiokjAndamanese10 · Extinct
yeuYerukalayeuDravidian5 · Developing
aimAimolaimSino-Tibetan6b · Threatened
ctdSuktectdSino-Tibetan5 · Developing
clkIdu MishmiclkSino-Tibetan6a · Vigorous
groGromagroSouthern Tibetic6b · Threatened
ybhYakkhaybhSino-Tibetan6b · Threatened
zypZyphezypSino-Tibetan5 · Developing
kevKanikkarankevDravidian6a · Vigorous
cdzKodacdzAustroasiatic6a · Vigorous
kleKulungkleSino-Tibetan6b · Threatened
ksuKhamyangksuKra–Dai8a · Moribund
odkOdodkIndo-European6a · Vigorous
rjiRajirjiSino-Tibetan6b · Threatened
dsoDesiyadso—3 · Wider Communication
gauKondekorgau—5 · Developing
kfsBilaspurikfs—6a · Vigorous
cdhChambealiचम्बयालीcdh—6a · Vigorous
njnLiangmai NaganjnSino-Tibetan4 · Educational
vahVarhadivah—5 · Developing
mjvMannanmjvDravidian6b · Threatened
akyAka-KolakyAndamanese10 · Extinct
xacKacharixacSino-Tibetan6b · Threatened
bixBirjiabixAustroasiatic6a · Vigorous
swvShekhawatiswvIndo-European5 · Developing
bhiBhilalibhiIndo-European6a · Vigorous
biuBietebiuSino-Tibetan5 · Developing
bfuGahribfuBodish6b · Threatened
mhuDigaro MishmimhuSino-Tibetan6a · Vigorous
jnsJaunsarijns—6a · Vigorous
juyJurayjuy—6a · Vigorous
nbeKonyaknbeSino-Tibetan4 · Educational
kfxKulluikfx—6a · Vigorous
mmkMukha-DorammkDravidian6a · Vigorous
npoPochurinpoSino-Tibetan5 · Developing
bgdRathwi Barelibgd—5 · Developing
yeaRavulayeaDravidian5 · Developing
srxSirmaurisrx—6a · Vigorous
phkTai PhakephkKra–Dai4 · Educational
urlUraliurlDravidian9 · Dormant
pckPaitepckSino-Tibetan4 · Educational
xuaAlu KurumbaxuaDravidian6a · Vigorous
lmkLamkanglmk—5 · Developing
nbuRongmei NaganbuSino-Tibetan4 · Educational
udgMudugaudgDravidian6a · Vigorous
xujJennu KurumbaxujDravidian6a · Vigorous
pcjGorumpcjAustroasiatic8b · Nearly Extinct
muvMuthuvanmuvDravidian6a · Vigorous
ncbCentral NicobaresencbAustroasiatic5 · Developing
troTaraotroSino-Tibetan6a · Vigorous
tefTeressatefAustroasiatic6b · Threatened
bhtBhatealiभटियालीbhtIndo-European6a · Vigorous
tdhThulungtdhSino-Tibetan5 · Developing
beeByangsibeeBodish6b · Threatened
hiiHindurihii—6a · Vigorous
hraHrangkholhra—5 · Developing
idbIndo-Portugueseidb—6b · Threatened
kejKadarkejDravidian6b · Threatened
kepKaikadikepDravidian6a · Vigorous
tczThadoutczSino-Tibetan4 · Educational
mmjMajhwarmmjAustroasiatic7 · Shifting
pcfPaliyanpcfDravidian6b · Threatened
pkhPangkhupkhSino-Tibetan6b · Threatened
nikSouthern NicobaresenikAustroasiatic6b · Threatened
laxTiwalaxSino-Tibetan6a · Vigorous
bgwBhatribgwIndo-European3 · Wider Communication
cdjChurahicdj—6a · Vigorous
kfhKurichiyakfhDravidian6b · Threatened
mjqMalaryanmjqDravidian9 · Dormant
nbgNagarchalnbgDravidian10 · Extinct
ahrAhiraniahrIndo-European6a · Vigorous
pkrAttapady KurumbapkrDravidian6a · Vigorous
ymrMalasarymrDravidian6a · Vigorous
kpbMullu KurumbakpbDravidian6a · Vigorous
tkbBuksatkbIndo-European6a · Vigorous
sgjSurgujiasgjIndo-European6a · Vigorous
nlxKaltonlxIndo-European6b · Threatened
drdDarmiyadrd—6b · Threatened
eraEravallaneraDravidian6b · Threatened
cnkKhumicnkSino-Tibetan5 · Developing
nstTangsanstSino-Tibetan5 · Developing
nzmZemenzmSino-Tibetan5 · Developing
nkiKhoiraonkiSino-Tibetan5 · Developing
suvPuroiksuvSino-Tibetan6a · Vigorous
hoyHoliyahoyDravidian6b · Threatened
wklKalanadiwklDravidian6b · Threatened
pubPurumpubSino-Tibetan6a · Vigorous
nkdKoirengnkdSino-Tibetan6a · Vigorous
mkbMal PahariamkbIndo-European6b · Threatened
rgkRangasrgkBodish9 · Dormant
ruhRugaruhSino-Tibetan8a · Moribund
lbfTinanilbfBodish6b · Threatened
ullUllatanullDravidian9 · Dormant
hkhPogalihkh—
jdaJadjda—6a · Vigorous
jnaJangshungjnaBodish6b · Threatened
gnbGangtegnbSino-TibetanDefinitely endangered
mjrMalavedanmjrDravidian6b · Threatened
nngMaring NaganngSino-Tibetan5 · Developing
pmxPoumei NagapmxSino-Tibetan5 · Developing
tpqTukpatpq—6b · Threatened
thrRana TharuthrIndo-European5 · Developing
bggKhowabggSino-Tibetan6b · Threatened
twmTawang MonpatwmBodish6a · Vigorous
cdnChaudangsicdnBodish6b · Threatened
cdfChirucdfSino-Tibetan5 · Developing
nriChokrinriSino-Tibetan4 · Educational
nctChothenct—6a · Vigorous
vapVaipheivapSino-Tibetan5 · Developing
nmaMaramnmaSino-Tibetan4 · Educational
ksyKharia TharksyIndo-European6a · Vigorous
kixKhiamniungankixSino-Tibetan5 · Developing
wkuKunduvadiwkuDravidian6b · Threatened
imaMala MalasarimaDravidian6a · Vigorous
nmoMoyonnmoSino-Tibetan5 · Developing
nmeMziemenmeSino-Tibetan5 · Developing
ptyPathiyaptyDravidian6b · Threatened
laePattanilaeBodish6b · Threatened
nreRengmanreSino-Tibetan5 · Developing
sgpSingphosgpSino-Tibetan6b · Threatened
cttWayanad ChetticttDravidian6b · Threatened
sskSunamsskSino-Tibetan6b · Threatened
insIndian Sign Languageins—6a · Vigorous
pwrPowaripwrIndo-European6b · Threatened
kbgKhambakbg—6a · Vigorous
kmmKomkmmSino-Tibetan5 · Developing
kfwKharam NagakfwSino-Tibetan6a · Vigorous
kxpWadiyarakxpIndo-European6a · Vigorous
keqKamarkeqIndo-European6a · Vigorous
sbuStod Bhotisbu—6b · Threatened
nkfInpuinkfSino-Tibetan6a · Vigorous
sptSpiti Bhotispt—6a · Vigorous
kmjKumarbhag PahariakmjDravidian6a · Vigorous
schKhelmaschSino-Tibetan6a · Vigorous
nbcChangnbc—5 · Developing
dubDublidubIndo-European6b · Threatened
hruHrusohru—6b · Threatened
ptqPattapuptqDravidian6a · Vigorous
nkhKhezankhSino-Tibetan5 · Developing
keyKupiakeyIndo-European6b · Threatened
lshLishlshSino-Tibetan6b · Threatened
nnlNtenyinnlSino-Tibetan5 · Developing
jnlRawatjnlSino-Tibetan7 · Shifting
reiRelireiIndo-European6b · Threatened
rnpRongpornpBodish6a · Vigorous
smtSimtesmtSino-Tibetan5 · Developing
thnThachanadanthnDravidian6b · Threatened
bdvBodo ParjabdvIndo-European5 · Developing
wkbKumbaranwkbDravidian6b · Threatened
gnoNorthern GondignoDravidian5 · Developing
ajzAmriajz—5 · Developing
cvgChugcvgSino-Tibetan6b · Threatened
nhhNaharinhhIndo-European6a · Vigorous
njbNoctenjbSino-Tibetan6a · Vigorous
pclPardhipclIndo-European6a · Vigorous
nsaSangtamnsa—4 · Educational
nbtNanbtSino-Tibetan6b · Threatened
lhmLhomilhm—5 · Developing
scuShumchoscuBodish6b · Threatened
thlDangaura TharuthlIndo-European5 · Developing
tktKathariya TharutktIndo-European6a · Vigorous
npuPuimeinpuSino-Tibetan6a · Vigorous
riaRiangriaSino-Tibetan5 · Developing
duhDungra BhilduhIndo-European5 · Developing
mjxMahalimjxAustroasiatic6b · Threatened
noiNoirinoiIndo-European6a · Vigorous
mkeMawchimkeIndo-European5 · Developing
theChitwania TharutheIndo-European5 · Developing
sjlMijisjlSino-Tibetan6a · Vigorous
phdPhudagiphd—6b · Threatened
kfdKorra KoragakfdDravidian6b · Threatened
emuEastern MuriaemuDravidian6a · Vigorous
nbiMao NaganbiSino-Tibetan5 · Developing
nrrNoranrrKra–Dai10 · Extinct
gdaGade LohargdaIndo-European6a · Vigorous
ortAdivasi OriyaortIndo-European5 · Developing
rtwRathawirtwIndo-European6a · Vigorous
kszKorakukszAustroasiatic6b · Threatened
rmzMarmarmzSino-Tibetan3 · Wider Communication
tdbPanchparganiatdbIndo-European3 · Wider Communication
fmuFar Western MuriafmuDravidian6a · Vigorous
rnlRanglongrnl—6b · Threatened
gacMixed Great AndamanesegacAndamanese9 · Dormant
wbsWest Bengal Sign Languagewbs—6a · Vigorous
tgjTagintgjSino-Tibetan6a · Vigorous
xisKisanganixisDravidian5 · Developing
395 languages · click a column to sort · source: Wikidata