Languages of Russia

139 languages of the index are spoken in Russia; 1 has official status (Russian). The country has about 146.1 m inhabitants (2025).

139 languages71 endangered or dormantEurope, AsiaISO RU / RUS

Official languages

rusRussianIndo-European · 110 m1 · National

All languages spoken in Russia

Language	ISO	Family	Countries	Speakers	Vitality
deuGermanDeutsch	`deu`	Indo-European	+9	135 m	1 · National
rusRussianрусский язык‎	`rus`	Indo-European		110 m	1 · National
korKorean한국어	`kor`	Koreanic	+5	73.2 m	1 · National
fasFarsiفارسی	`fas`	Indo-European	+7	70 m	Safe
azeAzerbaijaniAzərbaycan dili	`aze`	Turkic	+13	35 m	Safe
ukrUkrainianукраїнська мова	`ukr`	Indo-European	+10	34.7 m	1 · National
kazKazakhқазақ тілі	`kaz`	Turkic	+9	13.2 m	1 · National
azjNorth Azerbaijani	`azj`	Turkic	+1	9.2 m	1 · National
bulBulgarianбългарски език	`bul`	Indo-European	+7	9 m	1 · National
belBelarusianбеларуская мова	`bel`	Indo-European	+5	7.9 m	1 · National
hyeArmenianհայերեն	`hye`	Indo-European	+20	6.7 m	1 · National
tatTatarтатар теле	`tat`	Turkic		5.4 m	2 · Provincial
finFinnishsuomi	`fin`	Uralic	+2	5.4 m	1 · National
katGeorgianქართული ენა	`kat`	Kartvelian	+3	3.7 m	1 · National
khkKhalkha Mongolianᠬᠠᠯᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠭᠤ	`khk`	Mongolic		2.7 m	1 · National
kbdKabardianКъэбэрдей	`kbd`	North Caucasian	+4	1.6 m	5 · Developing
cheChechenНохчийн мотт	`che`	Northeast Caucasian	+2	1.4 m	2 · Provincial
bakBashkirбашҡортса‎	`bak`	Turkic	+1	1.2 m	2 · Provincial
yidYiddishיידיש	`yid`	Indo-European	+26	1 m	Definitely endangered
xalOiratхальмг‎	`xal`	Mongolic		780,000	Definitely endangered
pntPontic Greekποντιακά	`pnt`	Indo-European	+6	778,000	6a · Vigorous
avaAvarавар мацI	`ava`	Northeast Caucasian		766,500	3 · Wider Communication
chvChuvashЧăваш чĕлхи	`chv`	Turkic	+1	738,070	2 · Provincial
lezLezgianЛезги чIал	`lez`	Northeast Caucasian		633,610	4 · Educational
kaaKarakalpakQaraqalpaq tili	`kaa`	Turkic	+2	583,410	5 · Developing
adyAdygheАдыгабзэ	`ady`	North Caucasian	+1	575,900	2 · Provincial
crhCrimean TatarQırımtatar tili	`crh`	Turkic	+3	552,740	5 · Developing
rmyVlax RomaniRomani	`rmy`	Indo-European	+23	538,480	6b · Threatened
mhrMeadow MariОлыкмарий йылме	`mhr`	Uralic		482,000	4 · Educational
chmMari	`chm`	Uralic		470,000	Definitely endangered
sahYakutСаха тыла	`sah`	Turkic		450,000	2 · Provincial
xalKalmykХальмг келн	`xal`	Mongolic		431,800	2 · Provincial
kumKumykкъумукъ тил	`kum`	Turkic		426,212	5 · Developing
buaBuryatбуряад хэлэн	`bua`	Mongolic		329,000	Definitely endangered
udmUdmurtУдмурт кыл	`udm`	Uralic		324,000	6b · Threatened
inhIngushгӏалгӏай‎	`inh`	Northeast Caucasian		322,900	4 · Educational
krcKarachay-BalkarКъарачай-малкъар тил	`krc`	Turkic		305,364	5 · Developing
tyvTuvanТыва дыл	`tyv`	Turkic		297,000	2 · Provincial
komKomiКоми кыв	`kom`	Uralic		219,100	Definitely endangered
bxrRussia Buriat	`bxr`	Mongolic		219,000	2 · Provincial
ltgLatgalianlatgaļu volūda	`ltg`	Indo-European		200,000	5 · Developing
abkAbkhazАԥсуа бызшәа	`abk`	North Caucasian	+3	190,110	2 · Provincial
kpvKomi-ZyrianКоми кыв	`kpv`	Uralic		156,000	6b · Threatened
lbeLakлакку	`lbe`	Northeast Caucasian		154,820	4 · Educational
rslRussian Sign Language	`rsl`	—		120,000	5 · Developing
jdtJudeo-Tat	`jdt`	Indo-European	+3	106,000	6b · Threatened
stySiberian TatarСебертатарца	`sty`	Turkic		101,000	6a · Vigorous
osdDigor Ossetianдыгурон диалект	`osd`	Indo-European		100,000
myvErzyaЭрзянь кель	`myv`	Uralic		96,860	5 · Developing
nogNogaiNogayşa	`nog`	Turkic		87,119	6b · Threatened
vroSouth Estonian	`vro`	Uralic		80,000	Definitely endangered
tabTabasaran	`tab`	Northeast Caucasian		75,079	5 · Developing
koiKomi-Permyakкоми-пермяцкӧй кыв	`koi`	Uralic		63,100	6b · Threatened
jprJudeo-Persian	`jpr`	Indo-European	+4	60,000	7 · Shifting
altSouthern Altaiалтайдыҥ тил	`alt`	Turkic		55,720	2 · Provincial
rmlBaltic Romani	`rml`	Indo-European	+4	50,000	5 · Developing
rutRutulмыхаӀбишды чӀел	`rut`	Northeast Caucasian		47,400	5 · Developing
kjhKhakasХакас тілі	`kjh`	Turkic		42,604	2 · Provincial
abqAbazaабаза	`abq`	North Caucasian		37,831	5 · Developing
krlKareliankarjalan kieli	`krl`	Uralic		35,600	6b · Threatened
oloLivvi-KarelianLivvinkarjala	`olo`	Uralic		30,770	5 · Developing
mrjHill MariМары йӹлмӹ	`mrj`	Uralic		30,000	6b · Threatened
agxAghul	`agx`	Northeast Caucasian		29,300	6a · Vigorous
tkrTsakhurцӀаӀхна миз	`tkr`	Northeast Caucasian		23,000	6b · Threatened
yrkNenets	`yrk`	Uralic		21,926	6b · Threatened
xdqKaitag	`xdq`	Northeast Caucasian		21,000
aniAndi	`ani`	Northeast Caucasian		20,000	6b · Threatened
evnEvenkiᠧᠠᠩᠬᠢ	`evn`	Tungusic		15,800	7 · Shifting
ddoTsez	`ddo`	Northeast Caucasian		12,467	6b · Threatened
kcaKhanty	`kca`	Uralic		9,230	6b · Threatened
udiUdi	`udi`	Northeast Caucasian		8,000	5 · Developing
tinTindi	`tin`	Northeast Caucasian		6,693	6b · Threatened
kapBezhta	`kap`	Northeast Caucasian		6,000	5 · Developing
kptKarata	`kpt`	Northeast Caucasian		6,000	6b · Threatened
eveEven	`eve`	Tungusic		5,660	7 · Shifting
cktChukchiԒыгъоравэтԓьэн йиԓыйиԓ	`ckt`	—		5,100	6b · Threatened
dlgDolganдолган	`dlg`	Turkic		4,836	6b · Threatened
kpyKoryak	`kpy`	—		3,500	6b · Threatened
ludLudic	`lud`	Uralic		3,000	7 · Shifting
cjsShor	`cjs`	Turkic		2,839	7 · Shifting
mdfMokshaМокшень кяль	`mdf`	Uralic		2,025	6b · Threatened
essCentral Siberian YupikAkuzipigestun	`ess`	—		1,800	5 · Developing
khvKhwarshi	`khv`	Northeast Caucasian		1,740	6b · Threatened
kvaBagvalal	`kva`	Northeast Caucasian		1,450	6b · Threatened
gldNanaiНа̄най хэсэни	`gld`	Tungusic		1,390	8a · Moribund
vepVepsvepsän kel'	`vep`	Uralic		1,276	6b · Threatened
huzHunzib	`huz`	Northeast Caucasian		1,000	6b · Threatened
aqcArchi	`aqc`	Northeast Caucasian		970	6b · Threatened
mnsMansi	`mns`	Uralic		938	6b · Threatened
jctKrymchak	`jct`	Turkic		785	8b · Nearly Extinct
selSelkup	`sel`	Uralic		600	5 · Developing
sjdKildin Samiкӣллт са̄мь кӣлл	`sjd`	Uralic		500	8b · Nearly Extinct
cjiChamalal	`cji`	Northeast Caucasian		500	6b · Threatened
smsSkolt Saminuõʹrttsääʹmǩiõll	`sms`	Uralic		420	7 · Shifting
akvAkhvakh	`akv`	Northeast Caucasian		210	6b · Threatened
bphBotlikh	`bph`	Northeast Caucasian		210	6b · Threatened
nivNivkh	`niv`	—		198	8a · Moribund
ulcUlchНāн'и хэсэни	`ulc`	Tungusic		154	8a · Moribund
ketKet	`ket`	Yeniseian		150	8a · Moribund
gdoGodoberi	`gdo`	Northeast Caucasian		130	7 · Shifting
nioNganasanНя’’ сиәде	`nio`	Uralic		125	6b · Threatened
izhIngrianižoran keeli	`izh`	Uralic		120	8a · Moribund
udeUdege	`ude`	Tungusic		103	8a · Moribund
kimTofaТоъфа дыл	`kim`	Turkic		93	8a · Moribund
negNegidal	`neg`	Tungusic		74	8a · Moribund
votVoticvad̕d̕a tšeeli	`vot`	Uralic		62	8b · Nearly Extinct
prgOld PrussianPrūsiskan	`prg`	Indo-European		50	9 · Dormant
ynkNaukan YupikNuvuqaghmiistun	`ynk`	—		50	8a · Moribund
yuxSouthern Yukaghir	`yux`	Uralic		50	8a · Moribund
oaaOrok	`oaa`	Tungusic		47	8a · Moribund
clwChulym	`clw`	Turkic		44	8a · Moribund
ykgTundra Yukaghirԝадул	`ykg`	Uralic		40	8a · Moribund
mncManchuᠮᠠᠨᠵᡠ ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ	`mnc`	Tungusic		20	8b · Nearly Extinct
enhTundra Enets	`enh`	Uralic		15	8a · Moribund
alrAlyutornəməlʔu	`alr`	—		11	8b · Nearly Extinct
ainAinuAynu itak	`ain`	—		10	9 · Dormant
enfForest Enets	`enf`	Uralic		10	8a · Moribund
ginHinukh	`gin`	Northeast Caucasian		5	6b · Threatened
mudMedny Aleut	`mud`	—		3	8b · Nearly Extinct
sjtTer Samisām’e kīll	`sjt`	Uralic		2	8b · Nearly Extinct
itlItelmen	`itl`	—		1	8a · Moribund
yugYugh	`yug`	Yeniseian		1	8b · Nearly Extinct
gotGothic	`got`	Indo-European	+1		Extinct
chuChurch SlavonicⰔⰾⱁⰲⱑⱀⱐⱄⰽⱏ ⱗⰸⱏⰺⰽⱏ	`chu`	Indo-European	+14		6b · Threatened
tttTat	`ttt`	Indo-European	+1		6b · Threatened
siaAkkala Sami	`sia`	Uralic			9 · Dormant
darDargwaдарган мез	`dar`	Northeast Caucasian			4 · Educational
xasKamasкалмажи шəкə	`xas`	Uralic			10 · Extinct
oacOroch	`oac`	Tungusic			8b · Nearly Extinct
rtsYurats	`rts`	Uralic
ysrSirenik Eskimo	`ysr`	—			10 · Extinct
jucJurchen	`juc`	Tungusic
krkKerek	`krk`	—			9 · Dormant
atvNorthern Altai	`atv`	Turkic			6b · Threatened
ughKubachi	`ugh`	Northeast Caucasian
cmgClassical Mongolian	`cmg`	Mongolic
ykhKhamnigan Mongol	`ykh`	Mongolic			Definitely endangered
ossIron Ossetianирон диалект	`oss`	Indo-European
tttMuslim Tat	`ttt`	Indo-European

139 languages · click a column to sort · source: Wikidata